AICAR

AICAR is described as an analogue of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that can selectively activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in multiple tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle, adipose, liver). In the referenced dosing write-up, AICAR is discussed in the context of research on glucose/lipid metabolism, cardiac ischemia/heart failure models, and inflammatory signaling. This section summarizes study-style dosing examples from the article (preclinical/research context), not a clinical protocol.

Dosing & Cycling (Examples Reported):The article presents multiple dosing approaches depending on the research goal. The table below consolidates the timelines and ranges exactly as described.

Caution & Research Notes (as discussed):
• AICAR is described as a strong metabolic regulator via AMPK, so study designs commonly track metabolic endpoints (e.g., glucose/lipids, body weight, inflammatory markers) when applying these protocols.
• Because dosing varies widely by model and goal, the article repeatedly frames dosing as purpose-dependent.

Reconstitution / Preparation (General Lab Handling):
The article does not provide vial-size-specific reconstitution volumes. For lab preparation, align with your supplier’s CoA/spec sheet and your institution’s SOPs:
• Use sterile technique for solution prep and labeling.
• Prepare a stock solution using an appropriate sterile diluent specified by the supplier (commonly sterile water or buffered aqueous diluent for research use).
• Mix gently until fully dissolved; avoid vigorous shaking if foaming occurs.
• Aliquot if needed to reduce repeat handling; store per supplier stability guidance (light/temperature).

Sequence: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside

Molecular Formula: C9H15N4O8P

Molecular Weight: 338.213 g/mol

PubChem CID: 65110

CAS Number: 3031-94-5

Synonyms: AICA ribonucleotide, Z-nucleotide

AICAR and Insulin Resistance: Studies conducted in mice have demonstrated that even at low doses, AICAR exhibits the ability to diminish inflammation in adipose tissue. Inflammation within fat deposits is associated with heightened insulin resistance, and AICAR's capacity to reduce inflammation contributes to improved glucose regulation and increased insulin sensitivity, irrespective of changes in body weight. AICAR seems to employ various pathways to impact adipose tissue inflammation, with one of these pathways involving SIRT1 and macrophages.

The influence of AICAR on adipose tissue inflammation aligns with expectations, given that AMPK has been shown to mitigate inflammatory responses in metabolic disorders, both in healthy and diabetic mice. Research conducted in mice indicates that the activation of AMPK, as facilitated by AICAR, enhances insulin sensitivity, maintains energy balance, regulates lipid metabolism, and reduces inflammatory markers.

AICAR and Cancer Research: AMPK's role in cancer growth and metastasis is multifaceted, exhibiting the potential to either decelerate or hasten tumor growth under different conditions. In a broader context, studies suggest that sustained activation of this enzyme ultimately induces the demise of cancer cells by retarding their metabolic processes and rendering them more vulnerable to external stressors. This phenomenon has been substantiated in both laboratory cell cultures and rat-based experiments.

Studies conducted on thyroid cancer cells suggest that AICAR may have a role in triggering apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death. This mechanism seems to involve the buildup of p21 and subsequent activation of caspase 3. Consequently, it results in the suppression of cancer cell growth and their ability to survive.

Activation of AMPK has been revealed to play a crucial role in combating cellular-level inflammation. Research focusing on metformin, a widely used diabetes medication, suggests that one of its key mechanisms of effectiveness lies in reducing inflammation and enhancing pancreatic function. Similarly, AICAR exhibits comparable effects, serving as a protective agent in inflammatory conditions such as acute lung injury, asthma, colitis, atherosclerosis, and hepatitis.

A substantial body of research has centered on AICAR's potential to enhance sperm motility, energy metabolism, and fertilization capabilities. Studies conducted in various animals, including cats, goats, and chickens, suggest that AMPK activators like AICAR can boost sperm motility by improving energy metabolism. AICAR is known for its minimal side effects and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. However, it's important to note that the dosage per kilogram in mice does not directly translate to human dosages. It's crucial to understand that AICAR available at Peptide Sciences is strictly intended for educational and scientific research purposes and should not be used for human consumption. Therefore, if you are not a licensed researcher, it is advisable not to purchase AICAR.

PubMed

Article Author :

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from https://case.edu/medicine/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

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